Proactive Vigilance: How Citizens can hold their government accountable
Oludotun Babayemi
18 July 2016
“Abeg, you cannot come and fix a programme that will start at 8 am on a Saturday morning, I will not be able to attend, please postpone it for another day or cancel it” responded Ijiwere to her colleagues, who wanted to visit another friend; “Let me tell you, If you want me to come for that ‘owambe’ party on Saturday, then you should let it start at 10 am” affirmed Giringori, to his friends who were planning an event for Saturday.
“Imagine, those my friend wanted to suggest 8 am as a time for that party, I totally disagreed, and told them Jigida will be aired on radio at that time, and that is the only way I can report the lack of water in Kagara” said Giringori to his elder brother – Ijiwere.
These are the kind of conversations that go on in Kagara community, with everyone looking forward to Jigida, a weekly, one – hour radio programme that allows for citizens to call – in and express their community needs, which afterwards are been documented and sent to the various local government chairmen, and State House of Representative for response and decisions to be made. That’s not all, the first 30 mins of the programme is dedicated to the Councillor of the community sharing with the community, how much and what they will be spending on in the week. This is what proactive vigilance is all about!
Although proactive vigilance or public participation in budgeting or government spending is relatively new, the evidence attesting to its impact on resource allocation and service delivery is growing. Many of the existing findings are based on the well-known Brazilian experience with participatory budgeting, established first in Porte Alegre in 1989, and now replicated in over 40 countries around the world. Nigeria, is not left out as well, as its government hopes to encourage citizen participation, with its recent commitment to joining the Open Government Partnership, a multilateral initiative that aims to secure concrete commitments from governments to promote transparency, empower citizens, fight corruption, and harness new technologies to strengthen governance.
You might be wondering, how many – landlord associations,vigilante groups, market women associations, community development associations, we have in rural communities. A lot of them! When are we going to start having “project vigilante” in rural communities, that will become voices of several communities, because by the time you wake up tomorrow morning, the news will be agog with “one billion dollars to be released to provide water in Kagara” only to go to Kagara after one year, you will find out that Kagara has no water source or a broken water source. Quite pathetic, and that’s is the way we are – the leaders and followers.
Nevertheless, I am excited that the Story Story writers at BBC Media Action are focusing on how citizens at the local government level, can be proactively vigilant on such issues of government spending in their communities, and I recently had some hours of session brainstorming with the crew, on how citizens can become vigilant themselves, I hope all will be reflected in their popular radio drama coming up sometimes in fall. Thanks to Nkem, our Reseach Lead on government finance, who took some notes on the highlights, and I have added them below:
Citizens can at every stage of this budget cycle engage their various government, but limited participation is expected during during formulation
- There is the local government or state government budget, a document that highlights government spending and revenue which can be for a financial year, or a multiyear.
- The Budget has its on cycle starting from formulation (when Ministry, Department, Agencies, put together their budget), to enactment (when the national or state legislative arm assent to the budget), to implementation (the stage at which contractors start executing projects in your communities), and lastly, the assessment stage (where everyone assesses the implementation of the budget, to provide feedback on how the next stage should look like)
- At every stage of the budget, citizens can make noise about their plight, and join in the conversation. They can form themselves as vigilante group or association, and always knock on the door of their local government officer or Councillor.
- They can forward a freedom of information request letter to the local government chairman to request for their budget immediately it passes the enactment stage, and even ask more question like who is the contractor, what is the work plan for the project, how much is the contractor getting, and when will the project be concluded. Here is an example of a freedom of information letter if you want to write one
- Government at the local government and state government level should starting providing platforms as well, for the assesement stage. E.g. using local radio programmes like Jigida, create a referendum mechanism for your local government area for people to have their say on projects proposed for next financial year. It should not be only during elections, that citizens see chairmen of local government or governors of states canvassing for votes.
- Like I always say, the budget is not only the means by which government declare their spending, in fact 50% – 60% of what’s on it might not be relevant. The other way is to always listen to the state news on your local radio, projects will be announced at all times, especially when they are project funded by other partners, such as the federal government or international donor agencies.
Ijiwere and Giringori have decided to do away with social gatherings, and focus on becoming a vigilante for community projects in Jigida, and if you are reading this, you should be towing same way, and you should share this piece. I look forward to the final drama series on this – If you have listened to Story Story, Voices from the Market program, then you should be more expectant. See you all in Kagara town, listening to Jigida on radio!
From left, Oludotun Babayemi, Nkem and the BBC Media Action Writers
Hi would you mind letting me know which web host you’re working with?
I’ve loaded your blog in 3 completely different browsers
and I must say this blog loads a lot faster then most.
Can you recommend a good hosting provider at a fair price?
Thank you, I appreciate it!
I think this is among the most vital information for me. And i am glad reading your article.
But wanna remark on few general things, The website style is perfect, the articles is
really great : D. Good job, cheers
Hi there colleagues, how is everything, and what you desire to
say about this paragraph, in my view its genuinely remarkable in support of me.
If some one desires expert view concerning blogging then i suggest him/her to pay a visit this website, Keep up
the pleasant job.
Ahaa, its fastidious discussion about this article here at this weblog, I have read
all that, so at this time me also commenting here.
wonderful put up, very informative. I ponder why the opposite experts of this
sector don’t realize this. You should continue your writing.
I’m sure, you’ve a great readers’ base already!
Hi, I would like to subscribe for this weblog to obtain newest updates, thus
where can i do it please help out.
Let’s take Poԝerball a good example. The Australian Powerƅall often reachｅs $3 million ｅach
calendar. In comparison, the jackpot for the USA Poԝerball often reaches over $100 million ɑfter jackpotting without a doubt weeks.
Sо the jackpot will pursuing.
Yeah just about any how will i say which unfortunately? Because ⅼіke most people Ι had no clue
on a feԝ things i was doing I literally Powerball bⅼindly hoping my choѕen numbers would come to.
Doeѕ that sound anything as if you? Well if it doеs I am hеre we
aге able tߋ thгee tips that can change your life forever.
Okay thɑt sounds too just as a saⅼes hype lеts just
say it has to put you in details circle and help you
not to blindly throw your haгd at numbers that don’t have ϲhance of
winning.
The Australian Powerball often rｅachеs $3 mіllion 1 week.
But the јackρot for the UЅA PowerЬall
often reaches over $100 miⅼlіon after јackpottіng beyond Ԁoubt
weekѕ.
Instead of wаiting for sսϲh dreams tо come, you ѕhould emploү aid ᧐f a well-known system.
Definitely your best ߋptions іs on easy methods to wіn the lotto usually
ցo along with a lotto game selection. A selection program simply in order to to participate in the lottery making use of the lowest lines.
This means that thｅ sport you should play belonging
to the that offers the smallest number fieⅼd. Most states give the lottery
have 2 tｙpes of lotto games; the first one carries high lotto jackpots ɑs well as һard-to-beat odds,
ԝһile subsequent is self confidence one
s known for a smaller jackpоt – whіch translates a smaller
number field and odds which relatively easier to beat.
Naturally, if you fewer lottery numЬers opt from, you mіght have a higher
chance to win lotto pгizеs, perhaρs the actual jackрot.
It fantastic to note that unlike before, ѡere the
Austria Lotto is just open to itѕ citizenry, nowadays; anyone from all of parts found on earth
can plɑy in Austria Lotto. Winners of the Austria Lotto are paid through funds.
Aսstria Lotto shares its ｒevenue for that projects ɑnd deｖelopment activities ᧐f Sweden.
Here are 6 strategies and tips wһiϲh will greatly delay your chances of winning the Lottery.
Inside your follow these strategies, you might have yߋur winnings rеsults skyrocket!
The old approach would be to manually find out the frequency of accessіble
products . winning lotto numbers. This οкay approach but it will liteгally need
hours not really days to come up with approach.
my webpɑge – hanoy (https://profile.hatena.ne.jp/hanoytoday/)
Thanks for finally writing about > Proactive Vigilance: How Citizens can hold their government accountable < Liked it!
Howdy! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with
SEO? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing
very good results. If you know of any please share. Thanks!
This piece of writing will assist the internet visitors for creating new blog or even a weblog from start to end.
Quality content is the important to be a focus for the users to pay a quick visit the
web page, that’s what this web page is providing.
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular post!
It is the little changes that make the most significant changes.
Thanks for sharing!
Just desire to say your article is as astounding. The clearness in your post
is simply great and i can assume you are an expert on this subject.
Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated with
forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the enjoyable work.
Thanks for your personal marvelous posting! I definitely enjoyed reading it, you are a great author.
I will be sure to bookmark your blog and definitely will come back later on. I want to encourage you to continue your great job, have a nice weekend!
Howdy! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering
which blog platform are you using for this website? I’m getting fed up of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers and
I’m looking at options for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point
me in the direction of a good platform.
There is definately a great deal to learn about this topic.
I really like all of the points you have made.
your blog is wery good
If you want to improve your knowledge only keep visiting this
web site and be updated with the newest information posted here.
I’ve read a few just right stuff here. Definitely worth bookmarking for revisiting.
I surprise how a lot effort you place to create any such
wonderful informative website.
Hello, Neat post. There is an issue with your website in internet explorer, might check this?
IE nonetheless is the marketplace leader and a large component of
other folks will miss your wonderful writing due
to this problem.
Hey There. I found your blog using msn. That is an extremely
smartly written article. I’ll be sure to bookmark it and come back to learn extra of your helpful
information. Thanks for the post. I will certainly comeback.
بررسی رفتارهای مرتبط با
سلامت افراد، نقش مهمی در برنامه ریزی برای سلامت
جمعیت دارد. به عنوان مثال، اگر یک مشکل
سلامتی در یک منطقه جغرافیایی
یا گروه جمعیتی خاص در حال افزایش است، این دانش می تواند
به مداخلات بهداشتی هدفمند کمک
کند که می تواند این افزایش را مهار کند.
اخیراً، توجه به مشکلات سلامتی که توسط جامعه لزبین، همجنس گرا، دوجنس گرا
و ترنسجندر (LGBT) تجربه می شود، افزایش یافته است.
برای کمک به درک بزرگی و علل این مسائل، دولت های مختلف فرآیند جمع آوری اطلاعات در مورد
مشکلات بهداشتی LGBT را آغاز کرده است.
اما این مسائل را چطور می توان اندازه گیری کرد؟
ممکن است بدیهی به نظر برسد که اگر می خواهید گرایش جنسی کسی را بدانید، می توانید به
سادگی از او بپرسید “آیا شما همجنسگرا هستید؟”
اما در واقع، موضوع پیچیده تر از این است.
اخیراً، مرکز ملی آمار سلامت گزارشی
درباره نحوه پرسیدن این سؤالات برای نظرسنجی مصاحبه ملی سلامت منتشر کرده
است.
استریت چیست
استریت چیست
برای این مصاحبه سلامتی، جنبه اصلی
گرایش جنسی که آنها علاقه مند به مطالعه آن هستند، هویت جنسی است.
طراحی کنندگان گزارش این کلمه را به عنوان “مفهومی از خود تعریف می کنند
که در یک زمینه اجتماعی شکل می گیرد و رابطه آنها را
با افراد، گروه ها و نهادهای اجتماعی سیاسی در
آن زمینه تعریف می کند.” منظور آنها از این نظرسنجی
و مصاحبه این است که به جای تمرکز بر اینکه افراد از نظر
جنسی به چه کسانی جذب می شوند یا با
چه کسانی رابطه جنسی دارند، علاقه اصلی آنها به جنبه های
هویتی را با سؤالات و گزینه های جواب تعیین کنید (مثلاً با این سؤال “آیا لزبین هستید؟”).
منطق آنها این است که “در زمینه سلامت، هویت جنسی برای
درک دسترسی پاسخ دهندگان به مراقبت های بهداشتی و متعاقباً کیفیت مراقبتی که ارائه می شود،
مفید است. همچنین در درک عوامل خطر مانند رژیم غذایی، ورزش، الگوهای استرس و سیگار کشیدن به عنوان این عوامل ارتباط تنگاتنگی با اجتماع و همچنین تصور از خود دارند.
توجه به این نکته مهم است که اگرچه افراد ممکن است هویت خود
را در چارچوبی از اینکه با چه کسی رابطه جنسی دارند یا به چه کسی جذب میشوند، تصور کنند، رفتار و جاذبه به خودی خود هویت را تشکیل نمیدهند، این
معناست (بهویژه تعابیری که افراد آن
رفتارها و تجربیات را نسبت میدهند) که
مشخص میکند در نهایت چگونه هویت خود را مفهومسازی میکنند.
دیدگاه آنها این است که هویت مهمترین بُعد برای مطالعه نابرابری
های سلامت است، اگرچه آنها اذعان دارند که ابعاد دیگری مانند رفتار جنسی ممکن است برای
مسائل خاص سلامتی (به عنوان مثال عفونت های مقاربتی) مهم تر
باشد.
استریت چیست
استریت چیست
این گزارش اذعان میکند که سنجش
هویت جنسی چالشهایی را به همراه دارد، چون مفهومی پیچیده است که در زمینههای اجتماعی و سیاسی ریشه دارد و میتواند
در طول زندگی تغییر کند.
این گزارش تاکید می کند که در حالی که هویت جنسی یک ساختار مهم برای افراد برای
افرادی با گرایش های جنسی متفاوت (که گاهأ دگرباش جنسی نامیده می شوند)
است ، بسیاری از افراد غیر اقلیت هویت برجسته ای ندارند.
بر اساس این گزارش، ” این پاسخ دهندگان
(که برای همه مقاصد به عنوان دگرجنس گرا
دسته بندی می شوند)، اغلب افراد همجنس گرایان را
از خود دور می کنند.” به عبارت دیگر، آنها بیشتر به عنوان «همجنسباز» شناخته میشوند تا «دگرجنسگرا».
مطالعات قبلی مصاحبه شناختی نشان داد که به دلیل توجه محدود به گرایش جنسی در میان اکثریت، پاسخ دهندگان می توانند کلمات “همجنس گرا”
و “دگرجنس گرا” را اشتباه بگیرند و معتقدند که “دگرجنس گرا” به معنای همجنس گرا بودن و
“همجنس گرا” به معنای استریت بودن است.
در واقع محققان دریافتند که کلمه “استریت”
در بین انگلیسی زبانان به خوبی درک
نمی شود و در عوض اغلب به معنای “مستقیم” تفسیر می شود.
پس از در نظر گرفتن این مسائل، گزارش
مجموعهای از اصول طراحی را برای اطلاع
از انتخاب سؤالات توصیهشده برای نظرسنجی
مصاحبه ملی سلامت بعدی تشریح میکند.
اینها شامل استفاده از برچسبهای معمول و روزمره است که مردم برای اشاره به خود
استفاده میکنند (یعنی «گی» به جای «همجنسگرا»)، اجتناب از برچسبهایی که مردم نمیفهمند (مثلاً «لزبین)» و استفاده از سؤالات بعدی برای
تجزیه پاسخهای مبهم.
تست گرایش استریت
بنابراین محققان برای سنجش هویت جنسی خود به چه
چیزی اکتفا کردند؟
نمونه سؤالی که پرسیده میشود در ادامه آورده
شده است.
هویت جنسی خود را چگونه تصور می کنید:
الف) [برای زنان] لزبین
ب) [برای زنان] استریت، یعنی نه لزبین یا همجنس گرا
ج) [برای مردان] همجنس گرا یا گی
د) [برای مردان] استریت، یعنی همجنس گرا
نیست
ه) دوجنسه
و) چیز دیگری (به الف بروید)
ی) نمی دانم (به ب بروید)
اگر پاسخ دهنده و را انتخاب کند، از او سؤالات زیر می
شود:
منظور شما از چیز دیگری این است که …
شما رک نیستید، اما با برچسب دیگری
مانند دگرباش، سهجنسگرا،
همهجنسگرا یا پانجنسگرا هویت میگیرید.
شما تراجنسیتی، ترنس سکشوال یا
جنسیتی هستید
شما جنسیت خود را کشف نکرده اید یا
در حال کشف آن هستید
شما خودتان را دارای تمایلات جنسی نمی
دانید
شما از برچسب برای شناسایی خود استفاده نمی کنید
شما اشتباه کردید و قصد انتخاب این پاسخ را
نداشتید
منظور شما چیز دیگری است (به C بروید)
اگر پاسخ دهنده “نمی دانم” را انتخاب
کند، از او خواسته می شود که به شرح زیر عمل کند:
پاسخی برای سوال وارد نکردید. به این دلیل است که شما:
شما معنی کلمات را نمی فهمید
شما کلمات را درک می کنید، اما جنسیت خود
را کشف نکرده اید یا در حال کشف آن هستید
منظور شما چیز دیگری است (به C بروید)
پاسخی برای سوال وارد نکردید. به
این دلیل است که شما:
شما معنی کلمات را نمی فهمید
شما کلمات را درک می کنید، اما جنسیت خود را کشف نکرده اید یا در حال کشف آن هستید
منظور شما چیز دیگری است
به خاطر داشته باشید که این معیار برای نظرسنجیهای عمومی از جمعیت آمریکا طراحی
شده است و ممکن است برای نظرسنجیهای
هدفمندتر از جمعیت LGBT ایدهآل نباشد.
تلفظ استریت
اِس تِ رِیت
استریت چیست
استریت چیست
دگرجنس گرا در مقابل استریت
جنسیت یک انسان توانایی او در تجربه احساسات اروتیک نسبت به انسان های دیگر است.
گرایش جنسی یک فرد اساساً بر سه نوع دگرجنس گرا، همجنس گرا یا دوجنس گرا تقسیم می شود.
اکثر مردم در سراسر جهان دگرجنس گرا هستند، به این معنی که
آنها احساسات عاشقانه نسبت به جنس مخالف
دارند و همچنین با افراد جنس مخالف رابطه جنسی
دارند. کلمه دیگری به نام استریت (Straight) برای اشاره به
افراد دگرجنسگرا در جامعه ما به کار می رود.
خیلی از افراد بین معنی کلمات دگرجنس گرا و استریت
سردرگم می شوند. این مقاله در مورد این موضوع که
آیا تفاوتهای بین استریت و دگرجنسگرا وجود دارد
یا نه بحث میکند.
دگرجنس گرا
دگرجنس گرا واژه ای است که برای توصیف گرایش جنسی
یک مرد یا یک زن به کار می رود. داشتن احساسات عاشقانه یا تمایلات جنسی به یک مرد
یا زن برای سایر اعضای جنس مخالف طبیعی تلقی می شود.
زمانی که فردی با جنس مخالف رابطه فیزیکی داشته باشد، دگرجنسگرا نامیده میشود.
کشش جنسی یا احساسات شهوانی نسبت به اعضای جنس مخالف نیز یک فرد را به عنوان دگرجنس گرا معرفی می کند.
یک فرد دگرجنسگرا با افرادی که همجنسگرا هستند در تضاد است، چون یک مرد دگرجنس گرا احساسات عاشقانه نسبت به زنان
دیگر دارد در حالی که یک زن دگرجنسگرا فقط با مردان دیگر رابطه جنسی خواهد داشت.
استریت چیست
استریت چیست
استریت
استریت یا سر راست به چیزهایی میگویند که کج و فریبنده
نباشند. برای درک بهتر معنی کلمه
استریت یک خط مستقیم میکشیم و به مردی میرسیم که تحت تأثیر مواد مخدر نیست با جنس
مخالف رابطه جنسی دارد .در واقع، این کلمه امروزه به نمایندگی از افرادی در جامعه ما
آمده است که دگرجنس گرا هستند، هرچند که در اوایل قرن بیستم به عنوان زبان عامیانه LGBT سرچشمه گرفته
است. استریت به عنوان یک کلمه در مکالمات غیر رسمی برای اشاره به گرایش جنسی فرد رایج شد.
عبارت to go straight به معنای داشتن
رابطه جنسی با جنس مخالف، برخلاف همجنس گرایان و لزبین ها بود.
که بارها حتی برای اشاره به دگرجنس
گرایان یک اصطلاح عامیانه بود.
اگر روحیه فر
Stunning quest there. What happened after? Take care!
Sboslot99 Berita
I’m gone to say to my little brother, that he should also visit this weblog on regular basis to
get updated from most recent gossip.
I am sure this paragraph has touched all the internet visitors, its really really good piece of
writing on building up new weblog.
Inspiring quest there. What happened after? Take care!
What’s up i am kavin, its my first occasion to commenting anyplace, when i read this paragraph i thought i could also
create comment due to this brilliant article.
wealth dna code
Hi to all, how is everything, I think every one is getting more from this website, and your views are nice in support of new visitors.
It’s really a nice and helpful piece of information. I am glad that you simply shared this
useful info with us. Please stay us up tto date like this.
Thanks for sharing.
의정부치아교정
There’s definately a lot to find out about this topic. I like all of the points you
have made.
I was suggested this website by my cousin. I’m not sure whether this post is written by him as nobody else
know such detailed about my problem. You are amazing!
Thanks!
That is really fascinating, You are a very professional blogger.
I have joined your rss feed and look forward to searching for extra of
your excellent post. Also, I’ve shared your web site in my social networks
my web page :: 二月日历可打印
Hi there mates, how is the whole thing, and what you want to say about this paragraph, in my view its really awesome for me.
It’s really a cool and useful piece of info.
I am satisfied that you shared this useful information with us.
Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.
Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an really long comment but after
I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not
writing all that over again. Anyhow, just
wanted to say excellent blog!
Hi, Neat post. There is an issue along with your site in web explorer, would test this?
IE nonetheless is the market chief and a huge
section of people will leave out your excellent writing because of this problem.
It’s really a great and useful piece of information. I am happy that you
just shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this.
Thank you for sharing.
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve bear in mind your stuf
previous tto and you’re sikply tooo magnificent. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what
you are sayinbg and the way in which wherein you
assert it. You are making it entertaining and you still care for to keep it
smart. I can not wait to learn much more from you.
This is really a grezt site.
용인출장마사지 (Tricia)
Hey there! Quick question that’s completely off topic.
Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?
My web site looks weird when viewing from my iphone 4. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be able to resolve this problem.
If you have any recommendations, please share. Cheers!
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
The sketch is tasteful, your authored subject matter stylish.
nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that you
wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come
further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this hike.
I really like reading through an article that will make men and women think.
Also, thank you for allowing me to comment!
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time
a comment is added I get three emails with the same comment.
Is there any way you can remove me from that service?
Many thanks!
Hi colleagues, its fantastic paragraph on the topic of
tutoringand entirely defined, keep it up all the time.
As the admin of this website is working, no hesitation very quickly it will be well-known, due to
its quality contents.
Great beat ! I wish to apprentice whilst you amend your site, how can i subscribe for
a blog site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I were tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast provided vibrant clear
concept
my web site web page
Simply desire to say your article is as astounding. The clarity for
your submit is simply excellent and that i can assume you’re a professional
on this subject. Fine along with your permission allow me to
clutch your RSS feed to keep up to date with imminent post.
Thanks 1,000,000 and please continue the rewarding work.
I know this web page provides quality based content and additional material, is there
any other web page which provides these data in quality?
This paragraph is really a nice one it helps new web visitors, who
are wishing in favor of blogging.